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Mass Incarceration Of The United States - 1417 Words

In the U.S. there has been a rise in incarcerations, the numbers today are much higher than they were 30, 40 years ago despite the fact that crime is at historic lows. So what are we to make of the leap in time typically served for crimes in America’s society? Either the justice system was too lenient in the past, or the justice system is too strict now. Have we just now realized the real gravity of murder, or are we now overreacting? The United States currently over-incarcerates its citizens, prisoners have become part of the economy, manufacturing and assembling products for major corporations. Based on the research, it would be unethical to continue a trend of mass incarceration when the conditions are unsustainable, inhumane, and the product of unethical polices. In the world because some crimes are more severe than others, human beings decided that deprivation of liberty was the best form of punishment. The idea was to make prison a system for corrections, rather than detention alone. These ideas soon manifested in schools of philosophy and criminology were the notion was defended that punishment should be more lenient only at the cost of the greater good and aimed to change the behavior itself. Eventually these ideas gave birth to a new form of incarcerations designed to deter both rise in crime and to reform, based on self-reflection over the prisoner’s choices. Well then why are the incarcerations in the United States so high one might ask? In the United StatesShow MoreRelatedMass Incarceration : The United States1628 Words   |  7 PagesMass Incarceration is a huge problem in United States culture. No other country in the world incarcerates its population the way that America does. â€Å"The U.S. incarcerates more people than a ny country in the world – both per capita and in terms of total people behind bars. The U.S. has less than 5 percent of the world’s population, yet it has almost 25 percent of the world’s incarcerated population.† Worse yet the majority of the incarcerated individuals belong to a minority group despite not participatingRead MoreThe Mass Incarceration Of The United States1198 Words   |  5 PagesThe mass incarceration in the United States, has grown hand in hand with the well-disguised scheme of racialized social control that worked similarly to Jim Crow institutions.   Howard Zinn describes social-economic structures that justified slavery, also prevented a class movement between poor whites and slaves that would threaten the power of the elite. The birth of white privilege and segregation of African Americans aided in creating Jim Crow policies and in the criminal justice and politicalRead MoreMass Incarceration During The United States1322 Words   |  6 PagesMonroe Craver Mrs. Gallos English 3 Honors 30 March 2017 Mass Incarceration in the United States There are too many people in prison in our country and any people in prison today are non-violent drug offenders. The American war on drugs has targeted people in poverty and minorities, who are more likely to be involved in drug use. This has created a pattern of crime and incarceration and â€Å"...[a] connection between increased prison rates and lower crime is tenuous and small.† (Wyler). The prisonRead MoreMass Incarceration And Its Effects On The United States Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesMass incarceration is a major problem in the United States. Since the tough on crime movement that began to emphasize more punishment and creating new policies such as; three strikes law, truth-in sentencing laws, mandatory sentencing, and determinate sentencing, our prisons and jails have become overcrowded. The three strikes law increases the prison sentence of an offender convicted of three felonies or serious crime. Usually the punishment ranges from a minimum of 25 years to l ife in prison. TheRead MoreMass Incarceration And Its Effects On The United States946 Words   |  4 PagesMass incarceration alludes to the investigation which ought to be clarified as exceedingly elevated pace of imprisonment among African Americans men and Latino males from troubling neighborhoods. Many will say it’s from poor families and when they take the males, it weakens the family even more. One of the main reasons for mass incarceration is to have control of the system and African American’s after slavery was annihilated. One main issue about mass incarceration would be that if an African AmericanRead MoreThe United States Faces Excessive Mass Incarceration1618 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States faces excessive mass incarceration. We have the largest prison population in the world and the second highest incarceration rate per-capita (1 in 100 citizens is behind bars). While you are certainly familiar with these statistics, I would like to emphasize that using incarceration as the primary response to social problems, as is happening today in the United States, impacts the incarcerated, their families and neighborhoods, as well as costing Maryland taxpayers millions of dollarsRead MoreMass Incarceration : A Major Problem Within The United States1695 Words   |  7 PagesMass incarceration has recently become a major problem within the United States. Although crime rates have dropped since the 1990s, incarceration rates have soared. This trend is largely associated with increased enforcement of drug-related crimes. Unfortunately, though not surprisingly, this problem involves racial discrepancies when regarding these mass incarcerations. Incarcerations appear to be the most prominent throughout urban areas and the south, which happen to be the areas where AfricanRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1199 Words   |  5 Pagesdid read her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration In The Age of Colorblindness. Michelle Alexan der stated that The most despised in America is not gays, transgenders, nor even illegal immigrants - it is criminals. That was an important quote since the stereotypical criminal in our racially divided America in most cases are those of color also known as blacks. This is why the criminal justice system in the United States promotes the mass incarceration of blacks that can be seen through highRead MoreMass Incarceration : A New Form Of Slavery Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesMass Incarceration: A New Form of Slavery in the United States Lorena P. Ambriz History 12A Abstract Starting in the 1970s, the rising rate of imprisonment came to be known as Mass Incarceration. What was once an average of 100 people getting imprisoned for every 100,000 adults, prior to the 1970s, has now grown to become more than 600 individuals per every 100,000 adults imprisoned. With only five present of the total world population, The United States holds an astonishing 25 percent of theRead MoreMass Incarceration Is Defined As The Imprisonment Of A Large Amount Of People1439 Words   |  6 PagesAt the simplest level, mass incarceration is defined as the imprisonment of a large amount of people. However, that does not tell the whole story. The majority of people incarcerated are minorities, and although mass incarceration began as a system of unjust racial and social control, today it continues for many political reasons including government grants, swaying voter opinion, and for-profit prison revenue. The United States incarcerates more people, per capita, than any other nation in the

Human Relations A Personal Experience Free Essays

Human Relations: A Personal Experience Allison R. West Introduction to Graduate Studies in Human Relations 12/4/13 While reading Modern Human Relations at Work I found information that I pretty much expected to find in a book on this subject. I found some specific studies that I had not read about before and ideals that I found to be true in theory, but not so much in practice. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Relations: A Personal Experience or any similar topic only for you Order Now The standard questions of whether a happy worker is a productive worker and do open door policies work were addressed. Ten years ago I would have read this text book in a much different manner, with a completely different erspective than I do today. I may have viewed the ideals of organizational human relations with some sort of hope that people can actually work in environments where there are superiors and subordinates can maintain a sense of respect and humanity towards one another, but that has not always been my experience. The old expression â€Å"it’s lonely at the top† can be interpreted in several ways; there are not many top dogs out there, or that the higher you go the less time you have to mingle with the lowly, or the less you really care to, or the misguided belief that you should have a self-imposed separation . Whatever the meaning or reason one thing is true to my understanding; organizations are truly not classless societies and while they, in theory, should understand human relations better than anyone, they practice very little of what they profess to preach. I do not mean to give the impression that I do not understand the need for hierarchies and the important role they play in efficient organizations, it is not the paradigm, but the players, with which I take issue. In this paper I would like to address the two areas that were of greatest interest to me as they apply to my experiences working within large organizations. The first area referred to the fundamentals of human relations and included a study conducted by the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric in Illinois that I found interesting. The second discussed the management of conflict between individuals and organizations and included exercises that companies can use to build stronger relationships between botn I wou d like to snare my thoughts on these areas trom both theoretical and practical stand points. The book defined human relations as follows: â€Å"The process by which management brings workers into contact with the organization in such a way that the objectives of oth groups are achieved is human relations† (pg. 5) and takes the point of view of the manager. While the company and the worker share a common purpose of being successful and making money, the worker also has goals that the company may or may not be aware of or concerned with. Successful human relations addresses both the company and the worker and finds a satisfactory solution to all needs. This, in my opinion, is where most companies don’t seem to be able to get it right. It is not enough for an organization to say that they care about their workers, what their needs are, what their opinions are and how they can best use their talents to nhance the organization, there has to be follow through and this is what usually does not happen. You only have to look at a company’s turnover of employees to get a good idea of their attitude towards human relations. I spent 10 years working for an organization that truly did not care at all about their workers, though they professed to. It is my experience with this particular organization, which I will call Agency X that I will be referring to in this paper. Agency X has a high turnover for several reasons, one of which is the amount of stress that comes with the Job and the econd is the response, or lack thereof, on the part of the agency to try and understand, alleviate, or even acknowledge the fact that the needs of the workers are not being met. So while I read through the book, I suppose I was more Jaded and had a more pessimistic attitude than I should have, but I truly believe that few companies actually care about human relations in practice. I found the Hawthorne studies interesting in that it showed that a worker who feels that they are valued and has some level of relationship with those they work with is productive and that the quality of the supervision they receive effects the uality and quantity of their work (pg. 9). When I worked for Agency X I was a case manager for 4 years and had a supervisor who truly cared and was concerned for the well-being of her workers and the impact the Job was having on us. This supervisor did a good Job of shielding us from the bureaucratic issues that came from above. She believed that the quality of services to clients and the needs of the workers were both equally as important. After 4 years she changed Jobs and I was promoted to her position, it was at this same time that our contract was obtained by another big agency and suddenly things changed. While I continued to supervise in the way I had been taught, ensuring that what needed to be done was done, that clients were receiving the best possible services and that workers were not burning out and were taking care of themselves I began to see the differences in field work and middle management. I was accused of babying my workers whenever I tried to make things a little easier for them. It is important to note that we worked with abused children and families in volatile situations that required a tremendous amount of travel and field time (we were not child welfare). Let me give an example of a worker who was close to burning out. We had both been at a home in the country where the situation became fragile and volatile and we decided that it was best to leave. After we had driven away (we took separate cars) my worker pulled over to the side of the road and just sat there. I pulled in behind ner and Just watched tor a tew seconds wondering if she was going to get out of the car, but she did not. I walked up to her window to find her in tears. I allowed her to vent her feelings and frustrations and finally I suggested to her that she go home for the rest of the day (it was early Friday afternoon) and spend time with her daughters and not think about work until Monday morning. I told my worker that we would meet in my office on the Monday and talk about what we needed to do make sure her needs and the needs of the client were being met. While this was an appropriate solution to me, I was then â€Å"counseled† as I told my worker to go home when she had not filled out a â€Å"request for leave† form. That was my first indication that Agency X did not care at all about my worker, all they cared about was a piece of paper that they would not have received until timesheets were turned in the following week anyway. So I took that hit, signed y piece of paper that said I was a bad supervisor that day and never said a word to my worker about it. Human relations works at a worker level and even at a middle management level if you have a supervisor who gives a damn about you, but it is only a slogan on a poster for those in upper management. The human resources model outlined on page 11 of our book gives 4 systems that an agency can fall into when dealing with human relations. I feel that an agency can fall into several systems at one time. I think those in middle management still see their workers as valuable assets that should not be easily discarded. Middle anagement have better relationships with their workers and probably fall between system 3 (consultive democratic) and system 4 (participative democratic) depending on how long the subordinate and superior have been working together. Upper management would have you believe that their agency is participative democratic, but they are, in reality, benevolent autocratic (system 2) where condescension and punishment are the main staples of management. It was forced upon me many times that I should separate myself from my workers and make sure they understood we were â€Å"not the same†. While I understand that it is not always wise for supervisors o be friends with workers, we do not need to sit in ivory towers looking down on them either. There is a happy medium that upper management ignore. As I progressed in Agency X, I was promoted again to Regional Director and was responsible for services all 16 counties in Southwest Oklahoma. This was my first and only experience with upper management and I have no desire to â€Å"go there† again. How to cite Human Relations: A Personal Experience, Papers

The Creative Organization

Question: How tp Develop the profile of the creative organization? Answer: Annual reports issued by several organizations, and business and general media both hard copy and internet sources that were described in the later part of the chapter are not accessible in the public domain. Public domain information excluding audited annual report is mostly not objective but they are self-eulogizing in nature. Therefore, it is said that those are not acceptable and useful for university purpose. Information already exists in the public domains that are collected by the researcher on the given organization. A researcher either uses survey process or conducts interviews in order to collect that information. The survey process focuses on collecting quantitative data that based on the use of numbers. On the other hand, interview process focuses on qualitative research that follows use of words. There are several research methods are available that can be considered while doing the research. I reviewed all those methods and the literature of my subject to find out the m ost appropriate research method for my work. The most commonly used and famous research methods are quantitative research method and qualitative research method. In case of quantitative research, it is already mentioned that it focuses on the use of numbers. Mostly the positivist researchers use this mode of research method. Positivism research method is defined as a system that depends on information and apparent phenomena. In this type of research, the researcher primarily builds a hypothesis and during the research, the tries to either prove it or disprove it. Qualitative research method is a flexible and evaluative approach that works with research activity and advices the use of words. In case of interpretivist research, this mode of research and data collection method is commonly used. This interpretivist research is a system that tries to find out the causes of existing phenomena only. This research method is also called as Posteriori method not Priori. In this type of research, the researcher does not need to establish a hypothesis in this research method; however, the result of this type of research is noted as a hypothesis. According to the positivistic research approach, everyone caries the same system of meaning and our views are also same with the world. On the other hand, interpretive research approach states that each person cannot experience the reality and the in a same way. It can be said in other words that the same ontology is never shared at any cost. As mentioned by Neumann (1997, Page 70), The primary questions that must be followed at a time of an interpretive research are: What are the experiences faced by the people on the world? What meaning those experiences create and share? According to Blaikie (1993), the researcher, while doing an interpretive research, tries to make a pain that is actually is vague. From the quantitative research and thousand of participants and respondents, a researcher can easily develop required statistics. On the other hand, interpretive researcher spends a lot o time with a comparatively small number of people to evaluate a large number of data which will hel p him to establish a in-depth picture of the research subject. According Neumann (1997, Page 68), Interpretive research approach follows a practical orientation when positivism follows instrumental orientation. The primary goal of interpretive research is help the ordinary people so that they can manage their practical affairs in everyday life. The interpretive method is also known as a systematic approach of socially meaningful actions via direct observation done on people to understand how people develop and maintain their social worlds. One of the most important theories of interpretive approach is Grounded theory, which is developed from the group up, and then the data is evaluated and analyzed. Generally, researchers can collect knowledge from various sources and can apply them into abstract theories. In case of qualitative research, most of the times grounded the researchers use theory. According to Neumann (1997), however, this theory is not used always and it is only used when a theory is needed to build that will be relevant to the evidence. Unlike positivism, interpretivist approach combines theories such as grounded theory and phenomenology and deals with prearranged reality and recognize the subjective nature of social activity, the social establishment of reality and a deemed inescapable impact or influence by the researcher on the research. While doing social enquiries, the interpretivists mostly use approaches such as getable sources of information and unstructured interviews. However, this method also includes some limitations that include the impact of observer on the observed thing and the biasness of the researcher. On the other hand, the positivism research method is deductive research method. It begins with a hypothesis. The interpretivist approach is known as inductive as it does not need any hypothesis to commence. Therefore, it can be said that positivism is a priori approach while interpretivism is a posteriori method. Interpretivist theory is made from observations and commonly used languages to cover theories and different point of view. Based on the definition of grounded theory, researchers collect data and then they create theories from that data. This process is mainly established by observation and iterative analysis. These theories are tested because it emerges from the study and as the research procedure continues, the grounded theories are revised as well as reaffirmed. The interpretivism research approach allows the associate ti have some preselected research topics as well as some research questions. Therefore, the research questions can be formulated properly for developing th e responses of the interviewees along with the capacity of asking for clarification of ambiguous or unclear answers. At the same time, the applicant is at liberty to guide the conference into regions of meticulous apprehension to him or her, which can expand the parameters of the research work. This broadening of the terms of reference acceptable by the investigator stems from instigating with wide-ranging rather than very prcised views and concepts, with the objective of arriving at meaning through investigation and surveillance. On the other hand, in case of positivistic approach, positivism is recognized as the natural science approach. Positivisms are naturalism, logical empiricism and behaviorism. It has been seen that the researchers prefer to select quantitative data along with surveys, statistics as well as experiments. In this case, the researchers use exact measures and the objective research. However, these exist some criticisms that positivistic research workers favor the numbers over the people and might not concentrate wisely. Neumann (1997, pg. 63) has stated that positivism considers social science as one of the most organized procedure for combining the deductive knowledge with accurate experiential observations of the specific behavior for discovering and confirming a set of probabilistic unfussy rules that might be beneficial to forecast the general patterns of the individual actions. It can be seen that the positivists believes largely in reality, as reality exists and can be easily discovered as well as studied, keeping in mind that researchers might be flawed, but the reality does not. Reality has a prearranged outline that avoids arbitrariness. Fundamental outlines of social realism display constancy. Positivists consider that behaviour does not merely go after from wants. Cause and effect has an impact on actions in the genuine world (authenticity). Fundamental rules are governed by possibility and lean to hold more for great groups of people than for a personality. Main beliefs at work here are laws of possibility, namely Law of statistical regularity and Law of inertia of large numbers. As Neumann (1997) states it, positivism supposes that the laws overriding realism function to a scheme of stringent logic and positivistic researchers correlate these rules with the facts recognized about life using deductive reason. In positivism, clarifications arrived at must have zero rational disagreements and must be reliable with the experiential particulars. Given that the reason of my research was to recognize the distinctiveness of a pioneering organization so as to offer a benchmark against which any corporation can recognize its location on the evolutionary pathway to being pioneering, then the research strictures had to take in contribution by elected organizations labeled as inventive. Originally, it is assumed that my research would be positioned in one or other of the two major paradigms and favours either the quantitative or qualitative approach. Formerly, it is measured a quantitative procedure. It has been imagined the use of yearly reports of corporations scheduled on the Australian stock exchanges in combination with a mailed-out quantitative investigation. The preponderance of these companionships would not have come out on a list of pioneering organizations such as created by The University of Melbourne during its research component since the latters publication controlled the names of fifty corporations only. Mail out is one of the effective procedures in this manner, as this call for the information of both the numerical and the subjective data. However, it can be mentioned that the examination of the annual reports are requested as well as revealed the fact that the financial numbers were not alone sufficient enough to provide meaningful inputs to the overall development of the innovative profile. I accomplished that necessities by me for supplementary monetary investigations plus skewed answers to numerous questions in the broad region of the managerial surroundings would possibly acquiesce a poor answer. I therefore discarded the thought of a quantitative examination. The community sphere data set out in yearly news gave only a little division of the data essential for my research work. Consequently, I had to access corporations to locked answers to what comprised a pioneering association. The next question to be tackled was whether to inductively build up a profile of the pioneering association from untainted qualitative research work carried out on site, where there was small recognized a priori and interviewees were inquired to talk about novelty and to give their views on what made for inventive behaviour and results. The problems I professed with this approach was the time necessary to be used up by an candidate in contributing in this way but, much more prominently, th e plausible lack of adequate enthusiastic interviewees to form a creditable sample. At this point, it came out that neither of the two major paradigms and qualitative and quantitative research would serve up completely to bring in answers to my research inquiries, signifying that an assorted approach would be suitable. I determined that the most excellent approach for my meticulous study work was to appraise the literature to recognize qualities or characteristics of pioneering associations and to assemble these into a practicable border that I could employ in meeting Australian associations classified as innovative. It can be stated that given this assembly of innovative plus data supplied in the yearly report along with the interview, I could produce a proper corporation analysis of each of the participating corporation and inductively build up an innovation profile. As methodology, this was shaping up as exploratory research involving analysis of a number of companies, using a structured format for summarizing key data. This pointed to an meeting with contributing corporations where I was pre-armed with surveys and where the applicant was asked to reply questions. This assisted to make certain that I enclosed the essential ground without running out of time or overstaying my greeting. The questions I enclosed before the beginning of meetings were of such a nature as could be responded during the interview that is they did not involve the manufacture of numbers which would have had a twice difficulties in consuming too much time and containing to be supplied afterward. In adding up, my appraisal of the literature pointed to that modernism had its heredity typically in environmental background, which was mainly not reliant on facts and figures.